During coverage of Benazir Bhutto’s funeral on Radio 5 Live yesterday, a listener asserted–via text message–that the US government had paid Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) to murder Bhutto. Which explains why the USA/UK cajoled her to return to Pakistan and participate in a dodgy political process in the first place–obvious innit? Such conspiracy theories are of a piece with those few individuals on the rim of rationality who declare that Bhutto and others like her, ‘deserved’ her fate*, and who like the Graiai, share but one eye and tooth between them: an ‘orientalist’ view that events and actors halfway around the world are cyphers–that domestic politics do not exist except as they mirror US/European foreign policy.
How could it be, asked the talking heads, that Bhutto could be murdered in Rawalpindi, a place which has more ISI agents per square metre than anywhere else in Pakistan? Given that the ISI has a long history of interference in domestic politics, and some elements are notoriously sympathetic to the religious right, while others seek to shore up the interests of the Pakistan military, that question is surely rhetorical.
In a sympathetic article in International Viewpoint, Tariq Ali states unequivocally that Bhutto’s murder is a disaster for Pakistan,
Even those of us sharply critical of Benazir Bhutto’s behaviour and policies–both while she was in office and more recently–are stunned and angered by her death. Indignation and fear stalk the country once again. An odd coexistence of military despotism and anarchy created the conditions leading to her assassination in Rawalpindi yesterday. In the past, military rule was designed to preserve order–and did so for a few years. No longer. Today it creates disorder and promotes lawlessness. How else can one explain the sacking of the chief justice and eight other judges of the country’s supreme court for attempting to hold the government’s intelligence agencies and the police accountable to courts of law?
and concludes that the best hope for breaking the cycle of ‘military leadership promising reforms degenerat[ing] into tyranny [and] politicians promising social support to the people degenerat[ing] into oligarch[y]‘, is a refoundation of the PPP as a party which speaks for the political and social needs of the people.
[A] modern and democratic organisation, open to honest debate and discussion, defending social and human rights, uniting the many disparate groups and individuals in Pakistan desperate for any halfway decent alternative, and coming forward with concrete proposals to stabilise occupied and war-torn Afghanistan. This can and should be done.
Opponents of the Musharraf government and Bhutto supporters have criticised the dictatorship’s recent crackdown on democracy protesters and human rights activists as having signalled a reluctance to confront religious extremism, and effectively greenlighting the attack on Benazir Bhutto. Members of The Struggle tendency of the PPP claim responsibility lies with the ‘mullahs’:
[T]he threads of the conspiracy undoubtedly reach high up. The so-called Islamic fundamentalists and jihadis are only the puppets and hired assassins of reactionary forces that are entrenched in the Pakistani ruling class and the state apparatus, lavishly funded by the Pakistan Intelligence Services (ISI), drug barons with connections with the Taliban, and the Saudi regime[.]
The dictatorship meanwhile, is blaming religious extremists, and wishes we look no further.
Afterword: Another site has used the Bhutto murder as ammunition for the most shabby, vile attempt at sectarian point-scoring in a sordid and insignificant toilet-fight. The debasement and corruption of political debate continues apace.
* The sort of degenerate for whom all violence is revolutionary, who celebrates the murder of a woman for being in the wrong party and for daring to outrage public ‘morals’ with her ‘immodesty’, or who would justify the massacre of 60 worshippers and the mutilation of another 200 in an attempt to assassinate a former Musharraf cabinent member during Eid-ul-Adha, as justifiable means towards ends–but what horrific ends.