Realpolitik and Genocide

by Snarksmithy, 5 September 2007

In his academic satire The Catastrophist Lawrence Douglas envisions a great auction of ethnic self-pity. At a conference in Berlin, Daniel Wellington, an art historian of war memorials, shrivels before an Armenian scholar who maintains that Germany should erect an “omnibus” memorial to honor not just the victims of the Holocaust but all victims of atrocity. (Wellington is there to argue the opposite case.) “Doesn’t the long history of the suffering of the Jews,” submits Professor Kostygian, “contain the suffering of all peoples?” A trifle sententious, but this remark hits the right note with the audience. Kostygian’s Armenian grandparents were slaughtered by the expiring Ottoman regime during World War I, and yet, as he later admits to Wellington in private, the “universality of atrocity” hasn’t got a fighting chance.

When the interests of two embattled and victimized minorities collide, you can be sure that cant and moral hypocrisy will prevail. I’ve remembered Douglas’s vignette in the current scandal over the Anti-Defamation League’s refusal to even recognize, let alone commemorate, the Armenian Genocide. My colleague and comrade Joey Kurtzman has brilliantly shown how the “watchdog” organization founded in the 1930’s to combat anti-Semitism has now become another mangy outfit worthy of invigilation itself. The public pressure brought to bear on the ADL since Joey’s “Fire Foxman” article first appeared in Jewcy has been intense, yet the group’s position remains unchanged. The ADL still will not unequivocally state that between 1915 and 1917 Turkey slaughtered and displaced up to a million and a half Armenians, and it still will not back the Congressional resolution that recognizes this event as the first genocide of the 20th century.

The whole issue rests of course on that teetering concept realpolitik. We must therefore consign to the dustbin of idealism a few annoying facts: namely, that in 1943 a Polish Jew named Raphael Lemkin coined the term “genocide” to describe the annihilation of European Jewry, and that twenty years before, he instanced the annihilation of Armenians as a prototypical example that would yield an inevitable sequel. Never mind, also, that in 1939 Adolf Hitler was given to exclaim, “Who today remembers the extermination of the Armenians?” as his own “realist” justification for implementing the Final Solution.

To put the matter bluntly, the American Jewish community is worried about alienating Turkey, the strongest military ally of Israel in the Middle East. Turkey is today a member of NATO and a seemingly permanent candidate for European Union membership, a status imperiled by its policy of making acknowledgment of the Armenian Genocide a national crime: “denigrating Turkishness” in the official script. Turkey has brought unending shame upon itself by attempting to prosecute its own Nobel laureate Orhan Pamuk for speaking the truth about his country’s blood-stained past, and there is evidence to suggest that the Turkish police—ever the wayward arm, along with the military, of the Kemalist state— were behind the murder of the beloved dissident journalist Hrant Dink for similar reasons.

As reactionary as its domestic policies have been, Turkey has a shown a radical willingness to align with Israel in matters of geopolitical importance. Last summer, it committed U.N. troops to help disarm Hezbollah in southern Lebanon, and it routinely shares intelligence and conducts counterinsurgency exercises with the IDF. This special relationship is thus brokered on “security,” the ultimate trump card on humanitarian concerns for a staunchly pro-Israel contingent of American Jews.

A tipping point in the current ADL controversy was reached last week when the left-leaning Jewish newspaper The Forward published an astonishing editorial heralding a “post-Holocaust” age in which“[r]emembering genocide is important, but not as important as saving lives today.” The Forward was less clear about which lives are to be saved simply by asking the ADL to recognize the Armenian Genocide, but the editorial begged an interesting question. Just how vital is Israel’s alliance with Turkey, and should Diaspora Jews really be lobbying for its continuance?

There are four reasons to suspect that realpolitik is, as ever, wishful thinking garbed in the wardrobe of cynical excuses.

The “ancient history” argument applies just as stingingly to Turkey. What’s past is past, only the future matters. If this is the hollow core of The Forward’s logic, then we must ask: Why can it not be applied with equal force to the Turkish gambit of denial?

If Turkey admitted the Ottoman Empire’s barbarism, how could this be construed as a blight on the democratic state, founded, let’s not forget, on a feverishly pro-Western policy of modernization? Unless one thinks that British Prime Minister Gordon Brown should stand trial for the Amritsar Massacre, the acknowledgment of a decades-old atrocity in a parliamentary regime is ethical but academic. The price of truth and reconciliation is, in “realist” terms, smaller to pay.

Unlike Saddam’s genocide of the Kurds or Milosevic’s genocide of Balkan Muslims, no participant in the current Turkish government orchestrated the genocide of Armenians almost a century ago. But an entire nation robs itself of moral credibility by continuing to deny what the rest of the world long ago accepted as historical fact. Would it not benefit Turkey and its allies to settle this national question once and for all?

Turkey is hostile to the Kurds, who are more valuable friends of Israel. The Armenian Question is not the only one bedeviling Turkey, which has long persecuted its Kurdish minority under the pretext of “assimilation.” It outlawed, until recently, the Kurdish language and jailed one of the country’s most charismatic Kurdish parliamentarians, Leyla Zana, for “separatist speech.” However, the war in Iraq has forever changed the dynamics of discrimination in the Mediterranean.

If Iraq breaks up into three separate countries—”Sunnistan,” “Shiastan,” and Kurdistan—there is every indication that the Turkish military would attempt an invasion of an independent Kurdistan to thwart the oil-rich Iraqi city of Kirkuk from failing into the Kurdish sphere of influence. The Turkish army is already fighting what amounts to a civil war in the southern, mainly Kurdish province of Diyarbakir. But as Seymour Hersh documented in a 2004 New Yorker article, any attempt by Turkey to antagonize Suleimaniyah would also objectively antagonize Tel Aviv.

After the fall of Saddam’s regime, Israel re-established its covert training and intelligence-sharing program, first conceived in the sixties, with the Kurds of northern Iraq. Hersh cited Intel Brief, a newsletter circulated by two CIA counterterrorism experts, who concluded that Iraqi Kurds were helping Israel uncover the details of Iran’s nuclear weapons project, and bolstering opposition to the Assad dictatorship in Syria—much to the chagrin of Ankara.

Good. As far as both Israel and the United States are concerned, the Kurds make for better secular Muslim allies in the Middle East, and their readiness to help either government despite former betrayals is nothing short of a monument to stoicism and friendship.

Turkey has somehow maintained its amicable relationship with Israel despite its threatening security arrangement with the Kurds. How absurd to think that the ADL’s about-face on the Armenian Genocide could possible endanger that relationship.

The Turkish government is still openly anti-Semitic. It defies irony that the ADL, normally so attuned to the faintest whiff of Jew-hatred in international media, will truckle to the Islamist regime of the newly elected Turkish President Abdullah Gul.

As recently as last year, Turkey produced a laughable state-funded film entitled Valley of the Wolves Iraq, also known as the “Turkish Rambo.” Chronicling a minor incident involving Turkish special forces during the U.S. occupation of Iraq, the action movie was a high-budget exercise in conspiracy-mongering. It also trafficked in an anti-Semitic caricature that would have done Der Sturmer proud. One subplot of Valley of the Wolves featured Gary Busey – yes, Gary Busey – as an American Jewish Army doctor who steals organs from Iraqis and sells them to wealthy patients in New York, London and Tel Aviv.

Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan was given a private screening of the film, which went on to become Turkey’s biggest blockbuster to date, and Gul himself said it was “no worse than some of the productions of Hollywood studios.” How right he was two years after The Passion of the Christ, still the ADL’s bete noir of anti-Semitic cinema.

In other words, Turkey has been undermining the popularity of its own alliance with Israel, and using bigotry of a higher magnitude than anything the ADL routinely condemns.

The critics of the “Israel Lobby” benefit from the ADL’s stance. Now that John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt have ballooned their notorious thesis – that a powerful “Israel Lobby” wields undo influence over U.S. foreign policy – into a book, who better to rebut them than… Abe Foxman!

On the very same day that The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy was published, Foxman’s own counterargument hit the shelves as The Deadliest Lies: The Israel Lobby and the Myth of Jewish Control. If they were so inclined to challenge their challenger, Mearsheimer and Walt could start with Foxman’s title and proceed from there: “How dare a man who refuses to acknowledge a genocide accuse us of spreading the ‘deadliest lies’?” Moreover, the cretinous maneuvering of the ADL conforms almost perfectly to the Harvard scholars’ theory about just how far American Jewish organizations will go to protect Israel. The ADL’s press release on the Armenian Genocide might as well be blurbed on The Israel Lobby’s book jacket.

If The Forward is really out for the Jewish state’s best interests, how can it possibly hope to defend them by standing behind such a flammable straw man as Abe Foxman?

Comments

  1. Huey

    Well done for having the courage to talk about this; particularly on this site.

  2. Gadgie

    I don’t know why ‘particularly on this site’ Huey. I too think it is a very fine post and is important not just because of the historical record but because of the continuing threat to the Kurds as Jura Watchmaker has posted on recently.

  3. unaha-closp

    As far as both Israel and the United States are concerned, the Kurds make for better secular Muslim allies in the Middle East, and their readiness to help either government despite former betrayals is nothing short of a monument to stoicism and friendship.

    Pull the other one. The Kurds are being gifted arms, training, assistance and protection - this is very fair weather for Kurdistan and an easy time to be friendly. In comparison all that Turkey requires is mutual cooperation. Also as you point out it is not an either/or proposition as not all Kurds are in rebellion & Turkey is making concessions for reconciliation - Israel can be an ally of both Turks & Kurds.

    And you do not answer the crucial question - what are the potential costs? What would abandoning Turkey mean?

    Turkey is a bad enemy to make. Turkey has the most capable military and most robust economy in the Muslim Middle East. Turkey is a member of NATO and has weapon systems comparable to that of Israel. Turkey has a technological and economic base that could (if it so wished) achieve nuclear power status much more easily than Iran has. Turkish people make up a considerable voting block within the EU. Turkey acts as the terminus of American oil pipelines, the Americans will be unhappy to see two allies bickering.

  4. unaha-closp

    There are four reasons to suspect that realpolitik is, as ever, wishful thinking garbed in the wardrobe of cynical excuses.

    Oh look there are now just 3 reasons to dismiss realpolitik based, as ever, on sentimentallity, falsified morals and trivia.

  5. Snarksmithy

    Fairweather friends, eh? In 1975, the Kurds of Iraq were betrayed by that doyen of the realist school Henry Kissinger — stop me if I’m being too sentimental — who’d originally encouraged them to rebel against the Baathist state, but changed his mind the minute Iran decided Kurdish freedom would be too debstabilizing for the region. (This is when Israel ended its first military relationship with the Kurds.)

    Then there was 91, when the U.S. again told the Kurds it was behind them all the way in overthrowing Saddam, only to authorize the Ba’ath to deploy their helicopter gunships at the close of the Gulf War, thus guaranteeing the slaughter of thousands of Kurds and Shia.

    Through all this, though, the peshmerga find it in their hearts to fight on behalf of the coalition in Iraq and do much of the heavy lifting that the Iraqi Army is not yet capable or willing to do.

    Meanwhile, the Meclis blocked the bill that would have authorized the coalition to use Turkey as a point of entry into Iraq in ‘03, much to the chagrin of the Erdogan regime, ever the good client of whomever pays the armaments bills.

    Also, the Turkish people, who so far make up no block in the EU (as the country has yet to be granted membership), oppose to the hilt all of the geopolitical and military strategies of the AKP, including its alliance with Israel.

    So you can give a good tug on whatever you like, it still doesn’t help your case.

  6. hakmao

    I don’t know why ‘particularly on this site’ Huey.

    Indeed Gadgie, the inference is both unpleasant and unwarranted. The ADL should hang their heads in shame.

  7. TGlavin

    Good for you, Snark. A brilliant piece.

  8. unaha-closp

    The Kurds tried to establish a Kurdish state in 1970s accepting American help that was then withdrawn, again in the 90s and here we go again. I suggest this is because the Kurds really want to establish a Kurdish homeland and accept American help in a relationship based on mutual interests as the best way to achieve this, but you say it is because the Kurds have found “it in their hearts to fight on behalf of the coalition in Iraq”. What a nice sentimental appeal you have.

    And why must Israel or America make a choice? They can be friendly with both Turks and Kurds, potentially acting as neutral brokers of a peaceful settlement which is of greater benefit than jumping one way or the other. Israel siding with the Kurds would likely escalate the conflict between Turk & Kurd and lead to more violence, especially because Israel is bit of a poison challice in the Muslim World.

    BTW - Turkish immigrants do make up a sizeable voting block in Germany and in the event of hostile relations (Turkey to Israel) could sour the EU against Israel. And what of the other listed potential costs of angering Turkey?

  9. unaha-closp

    Your argument being non-fact based is unprovable in terms relevent to realpolitik. So why tilt your shining lance of morality to charge into battle on your noble white steed (or whatever your self love fantasy entails) towards realpolitik of Turkish-Israeli relations at all?

    The realpolitik suggests ADL is an American operation working to extract support from Americans, its concern for the Turkish situation has got to be secondary to this goal. Perhaps the main reason the ADL does not wish to acknowledge genocide in 1915-1917 is that this competes for American sympathy with the later Nazi genocide - a competitor unwelcomed.

    PS - I am a realist, pragmatist, cynic or whatever. I like realpolitik. I like to hear arguments justifying policies in terms of realpolitik. It interests me how you say Hitler justified the Nazi genocide in “realist” terms - I cannot fathom how this could be argued and it would certainly dent my acceptance of pragmatism if you could prove the argument. Conversly, I have assumed the Nazi genocide was conducted as a moral crusade on the unrealistic notion that Jews are inferior and evil.

  10. left, but not antizionist

    Prior to the Office of the first High Commissioner to Palestine’s decision to install Mohammad Amin al-Husseini as Mufti of Jerusalem, thereby giving him control of the Jerusalem Waqf and its funds, albeit against the will of the local Muslim community in Jerusalem, he participated in the Ottoman genocide of Armenians as an Ottoman officer in Smyrna.

    But apparently some people still venerate Al Husseini

  11. Will

    some people still venerate Al Husseini

    Oooh - nice links on that fan site.

  12. Ben

    It’s not as simple as you think.

    A few years back, when Israel planned to honour the memory of the victims of the Armenian Genocide during the annual Holocaust Day Memorial ceremony, a Turkish diplomat stationed in Israel threatened that Turkey would “be unable to guarantee the security of the Jewish community in Turkey”. Several prominent members of the Turkish Jewish community have been murdered since that time. Yet the Islamist Prime Minister of Turkey, with his wife, both recently visited the Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial in Jerusalem. And Turkish civilians suffered injustices too, especially in the Balkan Wars that preceded the First World War.

    When the genocide was taking place, Zionist pioneers like Aaron Aharonson were eye-witnesses to the crimes committed against the Armenians in Syria. The US Jewish diplomat Morgenthau was a key Western political figure to raise opposition to the anti-Armenian campaign. Yet today, the Jewish historian Bernard Lewis is on record as claiming that the genocide label is misapplied, and the British historian Arnold Toynbee called the Armenians a “fossil people”, lumping them together with the Jews and Tibetans in this category.

    The Kurds were junior participants in the genocide, a fact that has gone unremarked in this blog so far. Today they are periodically insurgents and the target of Turkish repression, although again the current Turkish government has been described as pro-Kurdish. One Kurdish faction had no compunction about facilitating Abu Nidal’s attack on the main synagogue in Istanbul, while Armenians in Palestine were responsible for bloody anti-Jewish bombings in 1947-8.

  13. SnoopyTheGoon

    Good post. As for ADL - they are heeding the Israeli policy of deliberate vagueness, indeed calculated to butter up Turkey. In vain, as the near future will show.

    And while Ben is bringing up some correct info, it does not change the main point: when you start selling your principles for realpolitik - you end up a loser and a wretch.